详解Java ThreadPoolExecutor的拒绝策略

发布时间:2022-08-30 09:39

线程池的技术在项目中使用广泛,线程池提供了四种拒绝策略,大家是否了解这四种拒绝的策略呢?本文将详细的讲解ThreadPoolExecutor的四种拒绝策略,以及相关的注意事项。

线程池基本原理

线程池的原理如下图:

图片[1] - 详解Java ThreadPoolExecutor的拒绝策略 - 尘心网

说明:

当前运行的线程少于corePoolSize,则创建新线程来执行任务。运行的线程等于或多于corePoolSize,则将任务添加到队列中。当任务队列已满,则在非corePool中创建新的线程来处理任务。创建新线程将使当前运行的线程超出maximumPoolSize,任务将被拒绝,并调用RejectedExecutionHandler.rejectedExecution()方法。

线程池拒绝策略

线程池为我们提供了四种拒绝策略分别是:CallerRunsPolicy,AbortPolicy,DiscardPolicy,DiscardOldestPolicy

AbortPolicy

ThreadPoolExecutor中默认的拒绝策略就是AbortPolicy直接抛出异常,具体实现如下

public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
public AbortPolicy() { }
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
 " rejected from " +
 e.toString());
}
}

说明:这种策略非常简单粗暴,直接抛出RejectedExecutionException异常,也不会执行后续的任务。

示例说明:

public class ThreadPoolTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor  = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
2,
5,
10,
TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(1),
new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());

//异步执行
for(int i=0; i<10;i++)
{
  System.out.println("添加第"+i+"个任务");
  threadPoolExecutor.execute(new TestThread("线程"+i));
}
}
}

public class TestThread implements Runnable
{
private String name;
public TestThread(String name){
this.name=name;
}

@Override
public void run()
{
try
{
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("thread name:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+",执行:"+name);
}
}

执行结果:

Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: Task com.skywares.fw.juc.thread.TestThread@55f96302 rejected from java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@3d4eac69[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 5, queued tasks = 1, completed tasks = 0] at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:2047) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:823) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1369) at com.skywares.fw.juc.thread.ThreadPoolTest.main(ThreadPoolTest.java:26)thread name:pool-1-thread-5,执行:线程5thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程1thread name:pool-1-thread-4,执行:线程4thread name:pool-1-thread-3,执行:线程3thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程0thread name:pool-1-thread-5,执行:线程2

从执行结果我们得知,采用AbortPolicy策略当任务执行到第七个任务时会直接报错,导致后续的业务逻辑不会执行。

CallerRunsPolicy

CallerRunsPolicy在任务被拒绝添加后,会用调用execute函数的上层线程去执行被拒绝的任务。

相关示例

public class ThreadPoolTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor  = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
2,
5,
10,
TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(1),
new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());

//异步执行
for(int i=0; i<10;i++)
{
  System.out.println("添加第"+i+"个任务");
  threadPoolExecutor.execute(new TestThread("线程"+i));
}
}
}

执行结果:

添加第0个任务添加第1个任务添加第2个任务添加第3个任务添加第4个任务添加第5个任务添加第6个任务thread name:main,执行:线程6thread name:pool-1-thread-3,执行:线程3thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程0thread name:pool-1-thread-4,执行:线程4thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程1thread name:pool-1-thread-5,执行:线程5添加第7个任务添加第8个任务thread name:main,执行:线程8thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程7thread name:pool-1-thread-3,执行:线程2添加第9个任务thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程9

从执行的结果我们可以得知,当执行到第7个任务时,由于线程池拒绝策略,此任务由主线程来执行,当线程池有空闲时,才继续执行其他的任务。所以此策略可能会阻塞主线程。

DiscardPolicy

这种拒绝策略比较简单,线程池拒绝的任务直接抛弃,不会抛异常也不会执行

示例

修改上述的代码,将拒绝策略修改为DiscardPolicy

 ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor  = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
2,
5,
10,
TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(1),
new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());

执行结果

invoke dealStock successgoodsId:手机thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程0thread name:pool-1-thread-4,执行:线程4thread name:pool-1-thread-5,执行:线程5thread name:pool-1-thread-3,执行:线程3thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程1thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程2

从执行的结果来看只执行了6个任务,其他的任务都被抛弃了。

DiscardOldestPolicy

DiscardOldestPolicy 当任务拒绝添加时,会抛弃任务队列中最先加入队列的任务,再把新任务添加进去。

示例说明

 ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor  = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
1,
2,
10,
TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(2),
new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());

执行结果:

添加第0个任务添加第1个任务添加第2个任务添加第3个任务添加第4个任务添加第5个任务invoke dealStock successgoodsId:手机thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程3thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程0thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程2thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程1

自定义拒绝策略

当线程池提供的拒绝策略无法满足要求时,我们可以采用自定义的拒绝策略,只需要实现RejectedExecutionHandler接口即可

public class CustRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler
{
@Override
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor)
{
new Thread(r,"线程:"+new Random().nextInt(10)).start();
}
}

  ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor  = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
1,
2,
10,
TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(2),
new CustRejectedExecutionHandler());

执行结果:

thread name:客户线程:6,执行:线程5thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程0thread name:客户线程:8,执行:线程4thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程3thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程1thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程2

从执行的结果来看,被拒绝的任务都在客户的新线程中执行。

小结

AbortPolicy:直接抛出异常,后续的任务不会执行CallerRunsPolicy:子任务执行的时间过长,可能会阻塞主线程。DiscardPolicy:不抛异常,任务直接丢弃DiscardOldestPolicy;丢弃最先加入队列的任务

总结

本文对于线程的池的几种策略进行详细的讲解,在实际的生产中需要集合相关的场景来选择合适的拒绝策略,如有疑问,请随时反馈。

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